Cyber Crime in Nepal: How to File a Complaint Under Cyber Law (Complete Guide 2025)

Introduction

Crime is defined as the thing prohibited by the criminal code of any nation. There for cyber crime is a new short of crime introduced in the 21^st century. The development of internet has largely impacted the world. The evolution of cybercrime is directly interrelated with the development of internet and computers. Cybercrime in general is the criminal activities that uses computer and networking technology to carry an attack or malfunctioning activities in server and systems.

Background

With the growth of digital communication and online shopping in Nepal, cybercrimes like internet fraud, identity theft, hacking, and online bullying are becoming more common. If you or someone you know has been affected, it’s crucial to know how to report these crimes. This guide will show you how to file a cybercrime complaint in Nepal, explain the laws, and tell you where to get help.

 Understanding Cyber Crime

Cybercrime is any illegal action done using digital devices or the internet. Common cybercrimes in Nepal include:

– Hacking into computer systems without permission

– Online scams and fraud

– Bullying or harassment on social media

– Identity theft

– Unauthorized access to data

– Sharing inappropriate content online

These crimes can lead to punishment under different laws like the Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008), and guidelines by Nepal Police.

 Legal Framework for Cybercrime in Nepal

 1. Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008) – ETA

This is the main law for handling cybercrime in Nepal. It deals with digital communication, data privacy, and e-commerce.

Key Sections:

– Section 47: Stops hacking and unauthorized access to data

– Section 48: Criminalizes spreading illegal content

– Section 49: Protects against damage to computers or networks

– Section 50: Covers identity theft and email fraud

– Section 51: Punishes sharing obscene content online

Penalties

– Fines up to NPR 100,000

– Imprisonment up to 5 years

– Seizure of digital devices used in crimes

 2. National Penal (Code) Act, 2074 (2017)

This is mainly a criminal code that also covers digital and privacy-related crimes.

Relevant Sections Include:

– Unauthorized surveillance and use of personal images/videos without consent

– Online banking fraud and electronic forgery

3. Nepal Police Cyber Bureau Guidelines

The Cyber Bureau is the main body to investigate cybercrimes. They follow ETA guidelines and use digital tools for:

– Handling online defamation

– Addressing social media abuse

– Investigating financial fraud through apps or websites

– Dealing with cyberstalking and blackmailing

 4. Constitution of Nepal, 2072 (2015)

The Constitution ensures essential rights:

– Right to Privacy (Article 28)

– Right to Communication (Article 19)

These rights are important in cases of digital harassment and unlawful surveillance.

 Institutional Mechanisms

1. Cyber Bureau, Nepal Police

   – Specialized team for cybercrime investigation

   – Works with banks, internet providers, and social media

   – Provides a portal for the public to report cybercrimes

2. Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MoCIT)

   – Manages IT policies and digital governance

   – Suggests changes to cyber laws as needed

3. Judicial System

   – District and High Courts handle cybercrime cases

   – Courts can issue search warrants for digital investigations

Where to Report Cyber Crime in Nepal?

You can report cybercrimes to the following authorities:

1. Cyber Bureau, Nepal Police

• Location: Bhotahity, Kathmandu
• Phone: +977-1-4412780 / 01-5970234
• Email: cyberbureau@nepalpolice.gov.np
• Online Complaint Portal: https://cyberbureau.nepalpolice.gov.np

2. Nearest Police Station

If you are unable to reach the Cyber Bureau directly, visit your nearest police station. They will forward your complaint to the Cyber Bureau.

How to Register a Cyber Crime Complaint

Step 1: Gather Evidence

Before filing the complaint, collect all relevant evidence such as:

• Screenshots of messages, emails, or posts
• URLs and usernames of offenders
• Call recordings (if available)
• Transaction records (in case of financial fraud)

Step 2: Draft a Complaint Letter

Prepare a written application stating:

• Your identity (name, address, contact details)
• Description of the incident
• Time, date, and method of crime
• Details of the suspect (if known)

Step 3: Submit the Complaint

• Visit the Cyber Bureau in person or submit the complaint online via their portal.
• You may also email the complaint with attachments to the official email address.

Step 4: Investigation Process

Once the complaint is received, the Cyber Bureau:

• Reviews and verifies your complaint
• Begins technical investigation (IP tracking, digital footprint, etc.)
• Coordinates with relevant tech platforms or banks if needed

Legal Provisions for Cyber Crime in Nepal

Cybercrimes in Nepal are primarily governed by:

• Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (ETA 2008)
  Section 47 and 48 deal with illegal access, data theft, and dissemination of illegal content.
• National Penal (Code) Act, 2017
  Sections on privacy breach, fraud, and harassment may also apply.

Penalties can include:

• Fines up to NPR 100,000
• Imprisonment up to 5 years
• Both, depending on the severity of the offense

Why It’s Important to Report Cyber Crimes

• Prevents further harm to you and others
• Creates a legal record for future reference
• Supports authorities in curbing cyber threats
• Strengthens cybersecurity enforcement in Nepal

andatory Documents for Cyber Crime Registration in Nepal

1. Written Complaint/Application Letter
   • Clearly state the nature of the crime
   • Include your full name, address, contact number, and signature
   • Mention date, time, and platform where the incident occurred
   • Describe the suspect (if known)
2. Citizenship Certificate (Copy)
   • For identity verification
   • Passport or valid national ID may also be accepted
3. Screenshots or Visual Proof
   • Messages, posts, images, emails, chats, or calls relevant to the crime
   • Make sure they are dated and clear
4. Links and Usernames
   • URLs of offending posts/profiles
   • Social media or email handles involved in the case
5. Proof of Financial Transactions (if applicable)
   • Bank transaction slips, eSewa/Khalti payment records, or wallet transfers
   • Screenshots of phishing messages or scam receipts
6. Device Details (Optional but Helpful)
   • IMEI number, email access logs, or IP addresses (if you have them)
   • Name and model of the device used during the incident
7. Supporting Identity Documents (Optional)
   • Passport-sized photograph
   • Work ID, college ID (if relevant to the incident)

🔒 Important Notes:

• If the victim is a minor, a guardian’s identity and application may be required.
• If filing on someone else’s behalf, attach a power of attorney (मन्जुरीनामा).
• You may submit documents physically or digitally, depending on how you file (in-person or online).

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